Should be able to. It can be done from an Xbox One to Series X , so I don't see why not. The only way it shouldn't work is if you're transferring to another platform (e.g PC, PlayStation) entirely.
Its got nothing to with what xbox you own has long has you sign in to dovetail account your profile and progress will still be the same
Sorry this is wrong. Dovetail Live is not a cloud save and will not transfer your in-game progress. Dovetail Live will only track mastery challenges, railfan shots, and uploaded creators club items. Your in-game profile is stored by Xbox in the cloud. Signing in to your Xbox Account will allow you to access saved data for any games you were playing on Series S.